摘要：隨(sui)著社(she)會的飛速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，科學技術(shu)不斷進步，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)模式(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)化，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)時代(dai)(dai)勢(shi)不可擋，尤其是機器(qi)人(ren)(ren)得到(dao)更大范圍的推廣與(yu)(yu)應用。工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機器(qi)人(ren)(ren)的突出優勢(shi)是精準度(du)(du)較(jiao)高，工(gong)(gong)作效率高，能(neng)夠承受較(jiao)大工(gong)(gong)作強度(du)(du)，為(wei)整個工(gong)(gong)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)產(chan)量(liang)的提(ti)升(sheng)以及質(zhi)量(liang)的提(ti)高創造更加優質(zhi)的條件。由此(ci)可見，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機器(qi)人(ren)(ren)已成為(wei)現代(dai)(dai)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的趨勢(shi)與(yu)(yu)方(fang)向(xiang)。文(wen)章(zhang)基于行(xing)(xing)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，詳(xiang)細闡述了工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機器(qi)人(ren)(ren)的特征，探討(tao)其未來發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨勢(shi)與(yu)(yu)方(fang)向(xiang)，以期為(wei)整個工(gong)(gong)業(ye)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的持續性發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供更大的技術(shu)支撐。

關鍵詞：人(ren)工智(zhi)能時代；工業機器人(ren)；趨勢

隨著人工(gong)智(zhi)能時(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)到來，互聯網(wang)技術取得巨大(da)突破(po)，大(da)數(shu)據技術成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)核(he)心，為(wei)(wei)工(gong)業機(ji)器(qi)人產(chan)品性能的(de)提(ti)升(sheng)提(ti)供更加(jia)先進的(de)技術支持。在工(gong)業機(ji)器(qi)人發展(zhan)進程(cheng)中，其操作(zuo)趨于(yu)簡易化(hua)，精準度(du)更高，能夠(gou)廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)在諸多領域，投入成(cheng)本呈現不斷降低的(de)趨勢(shi)。立(li)足工(gong)業領域，機(ji)器(qi)人應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)產(chan)品檢(jian)測、焊接以及搬運(yun)等(deng)環節。工(gong)業機(ji)器(qi)人的(de)出(chu)現強化(hua)對人力應(ying)用(yong)的(de)緩解，在優勢(shi)上主(zhu)要體(ti)現為(wei)(wei)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)生產(chan)效(xiao)率與較(jiao)(jiao)高品質的(de)操作(zuo)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，操作(zuo)持久(jiu)性更加(jia)突出(chu)。

1工業機(ji)器人的構成以及類型

從(cong)構成(cheng)上分析(xi)，工業機器人(ren)主要(yao)包含三(san)個部(bu)分，即(ji)本(ben)體、驅(qu)動以及控制三(san)個系統(tong)。從(cong)功能上分析(xi)，一(yi)種機器人(ren)的(de)作用體現在(zai)對人(ren)類(lei)手(shou)、手(shou)臂的(de)模(mo)仿(fang)。另外(wai)一(yi)種更(geng)具智能化，有(you)效(xiao)發揮仿(fang)生學的(de)特征(zheng)，能力更(geng)顯多樣(yang)化，自(zi)由度更(geng)高。在(zai)當前的(de)工業領域(yu)，之所以選擇工業機器人(ren)，主要(yao)源于(yu)(yu)其較低(di)的(de)單機價格，便于(yu)(yu)維修，應用效(xiao)率較高。

2人工智能(neng)時代工業機器人核心技術(shu)分析

摘要：傳統電(dian)氣(qi)工程自動(dong)化智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)屬于(yu)新(xin)興工程科學，智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)廣泛(fan)運(yun)用(yong)，能(neng)(neng)夠較快(kuai)地(di)提升其控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效率，讓傳統電(dian)氣(qi)工程控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)備(bei)在實際智能(neng)(neng)運(yun)用(yong)上控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效果更好，與此同時(shi)還能(neng)(neng)夠有效從根本(ben)上減少人力投入(ru)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)如(ru)今這個追求信息高(gao)質量、高(gao)產(chan)出的(de)(de)(de)信息時(shi)代(dai)，人工智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)已經成(cheng)為現代(dai)工業(ye)無(wu)法去除的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)，本(ben)文主要探究人工智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)在石油電(dian)氣(qi)工業(ye)自動(dong)化過程控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統中的(de)(de)(de)具體應(ying)用(yong)設(she)計思路，并(bing)且對(dui)(dui)此展開了一(yi)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)相對(dui)(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析。

關鍵詞：人工智能(neng)；電(dian)氣自(zi)動化；自(zi)動化控(kong)制

人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能工(gong)程技(ji)(ji)術(shu)專業是隨著(zhu)現(xian)代計算(suan)機(ji)信息技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)飛速發(fa)展，從而得以向(xiang)精細化發(fa)展延伸的(de)(de)專門(men)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)學科，隨著(zhu)國民經濟的(de)(de)快速發(fa)展和信息科技(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)不斷進步，該專門(men)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)被(bei)逐漸廣(guang)泛應用在多個(ge)工(gong)業領域，替代傳(chuan)統人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能實現(xian)工(gong)業應用和日常操作，其技(ji)(ji)術(shu)優勢也極為明顯，能夠極大的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)節(jie)省企業人(ren)力資源，并且有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)節(jie)約生產成本。

1人工(gong)智能技術運用的優勢

人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)也就是基于其他(ta)計(ji)算機(ji)科(ke)(ke)學技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)逐(zhu)步發展形成起來的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)立一門學科(ke)(ke)和(he)綜(zong)合技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，實際上就是在(zai)各(ge)種計(ji)算機(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)平臺上通(tong)過(guo)模(mo)擬的(de)(de)(de)對人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)全部大腦進行(xing)展開的(de)(de)(de)對圖像(xiang)和(he)處(chu)理(li)數(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化邏(luo)輯分(fen)析和(he)綜(zong)合處(chu)理(li)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)最大的(de)(de)(de)優勢就是說它能(neng)(neng)夠針對人(ren)(ren)(ren)類信息(xi)進行(xing)加(jia)以(yi)實時收(shou)集和(he)分(fen)析處(chu)理(li)，從而完全替(ti)代了對人(ren)(ren)(ren)類進行(xing)展開式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)量(liang)數(shu)據計(ji)算。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)主要(yao)運用在(zai)汽(qi)車電(dian)氣中的(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)控(kong)制里，大致(zhi)可以(yi)集中在(zai)3個主要(yao)層面的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)應(ying)用，依次分(fen)別(bie)是模(mo)糊(hu)控(kong)制、運作管(guan)(guan)理(li)效率(lv)以(yi)及專家系統。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用極大程度上降低(di)了企業人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資源的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)投(tou)入，讓(rang)企業人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資源管(guan)(guan)理(li)成本能(neng)(neng)夠得以(yi)有效節約，從而大大提升了生產工作效率(lv)，避免(mian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工誤(wu)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)情況出現，提升生產控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)工作確切(qie)性(xing)。

2人工智能(neng)信息技術在(zai)電氣(qi)工業自動化技術中的重要應用

摘要：人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)得到了愈來愈廣泛的(de)關(guan)注，許多(duo)科(ke)學(xue)家斷言(yan)，機器(qi)的(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)會迅(xun)速超過阿(a)爾伯特•愛(ai)因斯坦和霍金的(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)之和。人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)相關(guan)技術更大的(de)需求(qiu)促(cu)使新(xin)的(de)進步不斷出現，人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)已經并且(qie)將繼續不可避(bi)免地改變(bian)我(wo)們的(de)生活。

關鍵(jian)詞：人工智能計(ji)算機技術

一、人工智能的(de)定義

“人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”(ArtificialIntelligence)一詞最初是(shi)(shi)在(zai)1956年(nian)Dartmouth學會上提出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)。人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)指研究(jiu)(jiu)、開(kai)發(fa)用于(yu)模擬(ni)、延伸和擴展(zhan)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)理論、方(fang)法、技術(shu)(shu)(shu)及應(ying)用系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)一門新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)科(ke)學。人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)計算機科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)一個分(fen)支(zhi)，它企(qi)圖(tu)了(le)解智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)質(zhi)，并生產出(chu)(chu)一種新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)以人(ren)(ren)類智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相似的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)做出(chu)(chu)反應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)機器。目前(qian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠用來研究(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)主要物質(zhi)手(shou)段以及能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠實(shi)現人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)機器就是(shi)(shi)計算機，人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)歷史(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)和計算機科(ke)學與技術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)史(shi)(shi)聯系在(zai)一起的(de)(de)(de)。

人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)理論進入(ru)21世紀，正醞釀(niang)著新的突破，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的研究成果將能(neng)夠創造(zao)出更(geng)多更(geng)高級的智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)“制(zhi)品(pin)”，并使之在越(yue)來越(yue)多的領域超越(yue)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)將為(wei)發展國民經濟和改善人(ren)(ren)類(lei)生活(huo)做(zuo)出更(geng)大貢獻。

二、人工(gong)智(zhi)能的(de)應(ying)用領(ling)域

摘要：基于工(gong)(gong)(gong)業發展過程中，應用(yong)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能技術(shu)(shu)促(cu)進了(le)電氣自動化(hua)控制(zhi)的(de)發展，提升了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業發展效益。闡述電氣自動化(hua)與人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能技術(shu)(shu)，分析(xi)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能的(de)優(you)勢應用(yong)案例(li)。

關鍵(jian)詞：人工智能，信息技術，電氣(qi)自動化，工業(ye)發展

人工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)相比于一般信息技術(shu)(shu)更具智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)性，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠優化(hua)工(gong)業管(guan)理(li)、生產工(gong)作，優化(hua)系統建設，讓工(gong)業并具備智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)制能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，促進工(gong)業電(dian)氣(qi)自(zi)動化(hua)控(kong)制水平提升。由此(ci)可見(jian)，探(tan)究電(dian)氣(qi)自(zi)動化(hua)控(kong)制過(guo)程中，如何應用人工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)是(shi)十分(fen)必要。

1人工智(zhi)能技術及電氣自動化控制的特點(dian)

1.1電(dian)氣(qi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制。電(dian)氣(qi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制，是指電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。隨著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)革(ge)命(ming)開展(zhan)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)類借助(zhu)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)提(ti)升(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)發展(zhan)水(shui)平與生(sheng)產效率(lv)[1]。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)時(shi)代到(dao)來，信息技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)發展(zhan)進入(ru)了新階段，我國電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)也迎(ying)來了新契機。電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)運行過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)可(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)收(shou)集(ji)(ji)、整(zheng)理(li)(li)(li)以(yi)及(ji)分析各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)數據(ju)資。自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)根據(ju)數據(ju)變化(hua)預(yu)判故障(zhang)，并(bing)(bing)進行智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)預(yu)警，提(ti)醒管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進行各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)操作(zuo)，提(ti)升(sheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)效果(guo)。此(ci)外，電(dian)氣(qi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)應用人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)其(qi)具備(bei)緊急處理(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)斷電(dian)或者采(cai)取其(qi)他代償方案，減(jian)少(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)故障(zhang)所(suo)帶來的(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)。管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)可(ke)以(yi)借助(zhu)遠程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)，集(ji)(ji)成管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)設(she)備(bei)，提(ti)升(sheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)效率(lv)。1.2人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)屬于自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高階發展(zhan)階段，并(bing)(bing)通過(guo)(guo)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)手段影響(xiang)(xiang)企業(ye)生(sheng)產、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)[2]。人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，不僅具備(bei)機械技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)優勢，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)有一定的(de)思維能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)提(ti)升(sheng)系(xi)統(tong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)性。綜合來看(kan)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是社會科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)及(ji)自(zi)然科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)結合產物，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)涉及(ji)仿生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、心理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)及(ji)認知學(xue)(xue)(xue)等多個領域(yu)知識，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)處理(li)(li)(li)復雜的(de)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制問(wen)題，整(zheng)理(li)(li)(li)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)數據(ju)信息，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)解(jie)決設(she)備(bei)運行過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)所(suo)存(cun)在的(de)故障(zhang)，提(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制水(shui)平，實現(xian)真正(zheng)意義上(shang)的(de)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制。

2電氣自動化控制(zhi)中應用人工智能的技術優勢(shi)

摘要(yao)：人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)得(de)到了愈(yu)來(lai)愈(yu)廣(guang)泛的關注,許多科學(xue)家(jia)斷(duan)言,機器的智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)會迅速超過阿爾伯特•愛因斯(si)坦和霍(huo)金(jin)的智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)之(zhi)和。人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)相(xiang)關技術更(geng)大的需(xu)求促使(shi)新的進步不斷(duan)出(chu)現,人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)已經并且將繼續不可避免地(di)改(gai)變(bian)我(wo)們的生(sheng)活。

關(guan)鍵詞：人工智能計(ji)算機技術

一、人工智能的定義

“人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)”(ArtificialIntelligence)一(yi)詞最初是在(zai)1956年Dartmouth學會上提出(chu)的(de)(de)。人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)是指研(yan)究(jiu)、開發用(yong)于模擬、延伸和(he)擴(kuo)展(zhan)人(ren)的(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)理論、方(fang)法(fa)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)及(ji)應用(yong)系(xi)統的(de)(de)一(yi)門新的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)科(ke)(ke)學。人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)是計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)科(ke)(ke)學的(de)(de)一(yi)個分支,它企(qi)圖了解智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)實(shi)質,并生產(chan)出(chu)一(yi)種新的(de)(de)能(neng)以人(ren)類智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)相似的(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)做出(chu)反應的(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)。目(mu)前能(neng)夠用(yong)來研(yan)究(jiu)人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)主要物質手段以及(ji)能(neng)夠實(shi)現人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)就是計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji),人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)歷史是和(he)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)科(ke)(ke)學與技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)史聯系(xi)在(zai)一(yi)起的(de)(de)。人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)理論進(jin)入21世紀(ji),正醞釀著新的(de)(de)突破,人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)成果(guo)將能(neng)夠創(chuang)造出(chu)更(geng)多(duo)更(geng)高(gao)級(ji)的(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)“制品”,并使之(zhi)在(zai)越來越多(duo)的(de)(de)領域(yu)超越人(ren)類智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng),人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)將為(wei)發展(zhan)國民經(jing)濟和(he)改(gai)善人(ren)類生活做出(chu)更(geng)大(da)貢獻。

二(er)、人工智(zhi)能的應用領域

1.在管理系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)的應用

［提(ti)要］人(ren)工智能與實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)是促進我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟高質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)必經(jing)之路。本文(wen)以(yi)陜西省(sheng)為例(li)，對(dui)人(ren)工智能和實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)現狀進行(xing)闡述，并對(dui)存在的(de)問題進行(xing)分析，進而提(ti)出解(jie)決建議，從而更好地為陜西省(sheng)經(jing)濟高質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供借鑒(jian)參考。

關(guan)鍵詞：人工智能；實(shi)體(ti)經濟；融合發展(zhan)

一、文獻綜述

人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)是由計算機完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)前期人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)要完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)大量重復(fu)性工(gong)(gong)作，其可以(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類行(xing)(xing)為(wei)進行(xing)(xing)互補的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)力，其可以(yi)賦(fu)予機器學習決策的(de)(de)(de)基本能(neng)(neng)力。在(zai)專(zhuan)注于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)和實(shi)體經(jing)濟(ji)融(rong)合(he)視角下對經(jing)濟(ji)高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)進行(xing)(xing)探討，國(guo)內外研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)學者(zhe)(zhe)主要集中(zhong)在(zai)以(yi)下幾個(ge)方面(mian)：一(yi)是關于(yu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型方面(mian)：張志楠（2020）研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)提(ti)出(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，可以(yi)帶(dai)動(dong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、應用(yong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)全產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈布局，為(wei)國(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟(ji)建設(she)、社會發展(zhan)和人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)生活(huo)提(ti)供優質(zhi)服務。二(er)是關于(yu)新(xin)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)模式產(chan)(chan)(chan)生：朱晴(qing)艷、田(tian)啟波（2020）提(ti)出(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)所帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)革更(geng)多取決于(yu)資源能(neng)(neng)否(fou)有效(xiao)整合(he)，能(neng)(neng)否(fou)利用(yong)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)開(kai)展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)發、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)供應及服務；汪志曉(xiao)（2019）研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)提(ti)出(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)與(yu)實(shi)體經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)融(rong)合(he)，會出(chu)現更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、新(xin)服務和新(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態，有利于(yu)創造協(xie)同創新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)共(gong)生環境(jing)。三是關于(yu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)變(bian)(bian)革方面(mian)：劉剛、王濤（2020）研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)提(ti)出(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)發展(zhan)進入到(dao)了感知階段，制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)、金融(rong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、醫療行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)領域與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)聯系日益緊密(mi)，在(zai)運用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，應做到(dao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)與(yu)特定產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)場景(jing)相(xiang)融(rong)合(he)，從(cong)(cong)而推出(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)可以(yi)推進技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)進步，提(ti)高國(guo)家經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)增長率。薛(xue)嘉敏、袁新(xin)宇（2021）研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)提(ti)出(chu)高質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)離不(bu)開(kai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)支持，二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)融(rong)合(he)已成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)趨勢，我國(guo)要加強人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)融(rong)合(he)，為(wei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型升級賦(fu)能(neng)(neng)。從(cong)(cong)上述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)獻分(fen)析中(zhong)可以(yi)看出(chu)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)與(yu)實(shi)體經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)融(rong)合(he)發展(zhan)是未來(lai)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)方向，但(dan)兩者(zhe)(zhe)如何共(gong)同促進經(jing)濟(ji)高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)并(bing)不(bu)多。

二、陜西省人工智(zhi)能與實體經(jing)濟(ji)融合發展現狀

因陜西(xi)省(sheng)高校(xiao)眾多，有(you)31所高校(xiao)開設了(le)人工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)相關(guan)專業(ye)，故部分大(da)(da)型(xing)企業(ye)將眼光放在(zai)了(le)陜西(xi)省(sheng)的科(ke)教文化(hua)方(fang)面(mian)，校(xiao)企共(gong)建(jian)(jian)，促進(jin)科(ke)研成(cheng)果轉化(hua)。在(zai)陜西(xi)省(sheng)科(ke)技(ji)廳的指(zhi)導下，由(you)西(xi)安交通大(da)(da)學(xue)、西(xi)北工(gong)業(ye)大(da)(da)學(xue)等(deng)(deng)知名院校(xiao)聯(lian)合成(cheng)立人工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)聯(lian)合實驗(yan)室，在(zai)機(ji)器人方(fang)面(mian)，陜西(xi)省(sheng)擁有(you)超過60多家關(guan)聯(lian)企業(ye)對此進(jin)行研發，產業(ye)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)超過了(le)10多億元；在(zai)無人機(ji)方(fang)面(mian)，愛(ai)生(sheng)科(ke)技(ji)、億航(hang)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)等(deng)(deng)無人機(ji)頭部企業(ye)落地陜西(xi)并(bing)形成(cheng)了(le)西(xi)咸新(xin)區、高新(xin)區、航(hang)空基地和航(hang)天基地四(si)大(da)(da)開發基地；在(zai)物(wu)流(liu)方(fang)面(mian)，京(jing)東等(deng)(deng)大(da)(da)型(xing)物(wu)流(liu)企業(ye)均已(yi)落地西(xi)安，為(wei)陜西(xi)經濟發展(zhan)和就業(ye)崗位提供做出了(le)相應貢獻；在(zai)互聯(lian)網方(fang)面(mian)，百(bai)度、阿(a)里、騰訊等(deng)(deng)也相繼落戶西(xi)安，為(wei)陜西(xi)省(sheng)產業(ye)升級不斷(duan)釋放出新(xin)的活力(li)。總(zong)的來說(shuo)，陜西(xi)省(sheng)正在(zai)逐步完善(shan)人工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)孵化(hua)體系，搭建(jian)(jian)人工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)生(sheng)態環境(jing)，探索人工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)發展(zhan)規(gui)(gui)劃。

[摘要]隨(sui)著人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)生產性應(ying)用不斷(duan)加(jia)強(qiang)，其對我(wo)國(guo)就業(ye)的(de)替代效應(ying)初(chu)顯。基(ji)于(yu)政治經(jing)濟學(xue)視角分(fen)析了學(xue)界(jie)關于(yu)人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)對我(wo)國(guo)就業(ye)影響的(de)過往思想(xiang)變化(hua)及論爭(zheng)，得出結論：人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)導致(zhi)就業(ye)總量減少(shao)(shao)是必(bi)然趨勢(shi)；這種趨勢(shi)終(zhong)將(jiang)(jiang)促(cu)進人的(de)主體性地位，伴隨(sui)著資本主義為(wei)社會主義替代，并最終(zhong)進化(hua)為(wei)共產主義；對于(yu)我(wo)國(guo)來說，人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)導致(zhi)就業(ye)總量減少(shao)(shao)的(de)趨勢(shi)目前將(jiang)(jiang)從勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)就業(ye)、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)分(fen)配兩方面縮減我(wo)國(guo)廣大(da)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)。基(ji)于(yu)上述(shu)結論，展望了人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)與就業(ye)的(de)未來三(san)個研究(jiu)方向，并給(gei)出政策建議。

[關(guan)鍵詞(ci)]人工智能；技術進步；就業；政治經濟學(xue)分析(xi)

一、引言

人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)為(wei)頂尖(jian)前(qian)沿生(sheng)產技(ji)術(shu)之一，在新一輪科技(ji)革(ge)命和(he)產業(ye)變(bian)革(ge)中(zhong)展現(xian)出(chu)(chu)了驚人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)效(xiao)率，與此同時亦對(dui)(dui)(dui)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)帶(dai)來(lai)強大(da)的(de)伴生(sheng)沖擊(ji)。區(qu)別(bie)于(yu)(yu)大(da)數據等(deng)一般高新技(ji)術(shu)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)以(yi)獨有(you)的(de)自演化(hua)性(xing)進(jin)一步模(mo)糊了生(sheng)產過程(cheng)中(zhong)機(ji)器與人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)角色，對(dui)(dui)(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)提出(chu)(chu)了更大(da)挑戰。麥(mai)肯錫全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)研(yan)究院最新報告(gao)顯(xian)示，預計到2055年，自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)和(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)將取代(dai)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)49%的(de)有(you)薪工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，其中(zhong)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)和(he)印度受影響(xiang)最大(da)。《“十四五”就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)促進(jin)規劃(hua)的(de)通知》指出(chu)(chu)：“人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)加速(su)應(ying)用(yong)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)替代(dai)顯(xian)應(ying)持續顯(xian)現(xian)”；“技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)步對(dui)(dui)(dui)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)素質(zhi)提出(chu)(chu)了更高要求(qiu)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養培(pei)訓不適應(ying)市場需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)進(jin)一步加劇。‘就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)難(nan)(nan)’與‘招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)難(nan)(nan)’并(bing)存(cun)，結構性(xing)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)矛盾(dun)(dun)更加突出(chu)(chu)，將成為(wei)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)領域(yu)主(zhu)要矛盾(dun)(dun)。”人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)進(jin)一步應(ying)用(yong)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)擠出(chu)(chu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)風險，乃(nai)至(zhi)激化(hua)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)矛盾(dun)(dun)的(de)風險不容忽視。當前(qian)國(guo)(guo)內改革(ge)發展穩定任(ren)務艱(jian)巨繁(fan)重，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)形勢仍較嚴峻。“必(bi)須深(shen)刻認識(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)領域(yu)主(zhu)要矛盾(dun)(dun)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)，深(shen)入分析面(mian)臨的(de)挑戰和(he)風險”。厘清(qing)學(xue)界對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)影響(xiang)的(de)思想變(bian)化(hua)，明確人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)影響(xiang)問題的(de)實質(zhi)以(yi)及作(zuo)用(yong)機(ji)理，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)認清(qing)當前(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)沖擊(ji)現(xian)狀有(you)著(zhu)重要意(yi)義，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)防(fang)范化(hua)解人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)風險、緩和(he)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)領域(yu)矛盾(dun)(dun)有(you)著(zhu)重要意(yi)義。

二、人工(gong)智(zhi)能對就業影響的過往研究(jiu)歷程

人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)概念較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嶄(zhan)新(xin)(xin)。2016年(nian)(nian)被(bei)(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發展(zhan)(zhan)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)國內明確(que)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)關(guan)(guan)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究最(zui)早見于(yu)(yu)2017年(nian)(nian)。彼(bi)時(shi)(shi)學(xue)界(jie)(jie)(jie)普(pu)遍(bian)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)等新(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)做具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)區(qu)(qu)分(fen)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)看待(dai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)研(yan)(yan)究其(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)量影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，研(yan)(yan)究角(jiao)度(du)包括效(xiao)應(ying)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制分(fen)析、政治經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)學(xue)分(fen)析等，與(yu)(yu)目前(qian)最(zui)新(xin)(xin)研(yan)(yan)究沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)本質(zhi)差(cha)別。(王君與(yu)(yu)楊威(wei)，2017)基于(yu)(yu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)劃(hua)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)(jie)(jie)定(ding)，梳理了(le)(le)近現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“百(bai)年(nian)(nian)論(lun)(lun)爭”及人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)效(xiao)應(ying)、研(yan)(yan)究方(fang)法、邏輯框(kuang)架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演變，得(de)出(chu)結(jie)論(lun)(lun)：“(以(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de))技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)短期(qi)內會(hui)(hui)帶來(lai)(lai)(lai)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波動(dong)(dong)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)低(di)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降低(di)；技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)長期(qi)內會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)偏(pian)向(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，即(ji)會(hui)(hui)增加技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)和受教育水平(ping)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求；技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)確(que)定(ding)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)研(yan)(yan)究無法明確(que)回答技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)效(xiao)應(ying)；技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)效(xiao)應(ying)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)依賴于(yu)(yu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)程(cheng)度(du)”等；(趙(zhao)磊與(yu)(yu)趙(zhao)曉磊，2017)基于(yu)(yu)政治經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)學(xue)視角(jiao)及生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)與(yu)(yu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變革歷史視角(jiao)，通過論(lun)(lun)證歷史中就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)貧(pin)(pin)窮各自演變規(gui)律以(yi)及關(guan)(guan)聯程(cheng)度(du)，得(de)出(chu)結(jie)論(lun)(lun)：“隨(sui)著自然(ran)力(li)逐漸取代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)臨越(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)嚴(yan)峻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓力(li)，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)普(pu)及化(hua)(hua)必(bi)然(ran)帶來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困(kun)惑”。在(zai)(zai)(zai)分(fen)析人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)負向(xiang)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)學(xue)者(zhe)表(biao)達(da)了(le)(le)由此(ci)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)衍生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)富(fu)(fu)差(cha)距(ju)(ju)拉(la)(la)大(da)等問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擔(dan)憂：“第(di)三次技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)革命以(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)極化(hua)(hua)壓縮了(le)(le)中等收(shou)入(ru)階層，拉(la)(la)大(da)了(le)(le)高(gao)收(shou)入(ru)群(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)低(di)收(shou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)距(ju)(ju)，擴大(da)了(le)(le)全社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)富(fu)(fu)差(cha)距(ju)(ju)。研(yan)(yan)究中發現(xian)(xian)(xian)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)兩極分(fen)化(hua)(hua)在(zai)(zai)(zai)“機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)換人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”浪潮中已(yi)初見端倪(ni)。例如(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)東莞(guan)市，機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相關(guan)(guan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才，有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩年(nian)(nian)以(yi)上工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)經(jing)(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)月薪(xin)(xin)普(pu)遍(bian)過萬元(yuan)；而(er)(er)(er)(er)被(bei)(bei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)替(ti)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)下(xia)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，即(ji)使(shi)再培(pei)訓轉(zhuan)崗薪(xin)(xin)水也(ye)要降低(di)近1/3，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)轉(zhuan)到其(qi)(qi)他地區(qu)(qu)從(cong)事原來(lai)(lai)(lai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)但薪(xin)(xin)水有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)下(xia)降，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)來(lai)(lai)(lai)還面(mian)臨失(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)風險。如(ru)果(guo)未來(lai)(lai)(lai)幾年(nian)(nian)“機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)換人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”大(da)規(gui)模(mo)推進(jin)(jin)，兩極分(fen)化(hua)(hua)、貧(pin)(pin)富(fu)(fu)差(cha)距(ju)(ju)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)拉(la)(la)大(da)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)帶來(lai)(lai)(lai)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)穩(wen)定(ding)等衍生(sheng)(sheng)問題。”(王君與(yu)(yu)張(zhang)于(yu)(yu)喆(zhe)等，2017)隨(sui)著人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)等技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)領域應(ying)用不(bu)(bu)斷深化(hua)(hua)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等高(gao)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)手段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互異質(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)逐漸受到關(guan)(guan)注。如(ru)果(guo)說工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)等技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)僅因作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)更加高(gao)效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)與(yu)(yu)過往生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)劃(hua)分(fen)，那么人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)則(ze)因具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)創(chuang)造(zao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)自演化(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，模(mo)糊了(le)(le)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)與(yu)(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)(jie)(jie)限，更加具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屬性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)與(yu)(yu)過往生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)乃至機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)等新(xin)(xin)興(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)劃(hua)清了(le)(le)根(gen)本界(jie)(jie)(jie)限。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)創(chuang)造(zao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)屬性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)(hui)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)加劇(ju)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)替(ti)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢，從(cong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構、就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)量上全面(mian)替(ti)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)我(wo)國勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。涂良川(2022)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“今(jin)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)僅具(ju)(ju)備了(le)(le)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)替(ti)“藍領工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)且還具(ju)(ju)備“創(chuang)造(zao)”至少是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發現(xian)(xian)(xian)知(zhi)識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，使(shi)其(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)形式上具(ju)(ju)備生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本規(gui)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，既(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)優于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)范(fan)”，又具(ju)(ju)備超(chao)越(yue)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)優勢”，表(biao)達(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式通過了(le)(le)“圖靈測試”，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)”。然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)，“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實中卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)被(bei)(bei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)認可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)‘主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)’”，只具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)替(ti)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)意(yi)識體(ti)(ti)(ti)從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)直接替(ti)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。上述(shu)過往研(yan)(yan)究歷程(cheng)顯示了(le)(le)學(xue)界(jie)(jie)(jie)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)認識從(cong)一(yi)般性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)到特(te)異性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深化(hua)(hua)。然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)無論(lun)(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)歸類為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)般性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)強調(diao)其(qi)(qi)創(chuang)造(zao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)加以(yi)單獨考察(cha)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)實情況是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)尚處于(yu)(yu)導入(ru)期(qi)，距(ju)(ju)離最(zui)終(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)和全面(mian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)應(ying)用拓展(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)相當(dang)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)要走”，“對(dui)(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)局部(bu)(bu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象而(er)(er)(er)(er)且相當(dang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限”(王君與(yu)(yu)張(zhang)于(yu)(yu)喆(zhe)等，2017)。因此(ci)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)暫時(shi)(shi)保守地看待(dai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)般性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，以(yi)此(ci)來(lai)(lai)(lai)探討其(qi)(qi)應(ying)用對(dui)(dui)(dui)我(wo)國勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)著更為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。

摘要：本(ben)文(wen)基于馬克(ke)思主義政治經濟學有(you)關(guan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)步(bu)與(yu)勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)觀(guan)點，將人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)視作一種(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)步(bu)，探(tan)討了人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)推動(dong)(dong)勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)演(yan)變的(de)(de)內在邏(luo)輯(ji)。最終得出，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)對勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)演(yan)變的(de)(de)影響機(ji)制(zhi)主要有(you)：第(di)一，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)本(ben)質上是一種(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)步(bu)，對勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)影響并(bing)未(wei)超(chao)越馬克(ke)思有(you)關(guan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)步(bu)、資(zi)(zi)本(ben)有(you)機(ji)構成與(yu)勞資(zi)(zi)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)演(yan)化的(de)(de)基本(ben)邏(luo)輯(ji)；第(di)二，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)背景下的(de)(de)新興勞動(dong)(dong)形式缺乏勞工(gong)(gong)組織，在市(shi)場經濟條件(jian)下的(de)(de)勞資(zi)(zi)博弈可(ke)能(neng)出現資(zi)(zi)本(ben)主導的(de)(de)單邊(bian)演(yan)變趨(qu)勢；第(di)三，國際資(zi)(zi)本(ben)流動(dong)(dong)機(ji)制(zhi)引起的(de)(de)勞動(dong)(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)演(yan)變更(geng)為復雜；第(di)四，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)從(cong)研發到成熟的(de)(de)不同階(jie)段所(suo)帶來的(de)(de)預期(qi)超(chao)額利潤經歷了從(cong)實現到消失(shi)，期(qi)間也會引起勞資(zi)(zi)雙方的(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)變化。

關鍵詞：馬克思主義政治經(jing)濟學；人工智能(neng)；勞動關系(xi)；技術(shu)進(jin)步；技術(shu)溢出

1引言

人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)技術(shu)背景(jing)(jing)下(xia)，資本提供(gong)生(sheng)產資料、勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)方提供(gong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)力使用(yong)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)二元格局被打破(po)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者對(dui)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)從(cong)屬程度不(bu)斷降低，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)也(ye)隨之(zhi)發(fa)生(sheng)變化(hua)(hua)。特別是(shi)以線上智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)就業(ye)(ye)為主要形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)“新(xin)(xin)就業(ye)(ye)方式(shi)”，如零工勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)、遠(yuan)程勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)、共(gong)享勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)和委(wei)托(tuo)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)等(deng)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)組(zu)織形(xing)式(shi)，超越(yue)了當前勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律調整(zheng)規制范疇。由(you)此(ci)在人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)背景(jing)(jing)下(xia)所凸顯的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)糾紛現象(xiang)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)資爭議問(wen)題也(ye)引起了社會各界對(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注(zhu)，可見在人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)不(bu)斷深化(hua)(hua)普及的(de)(de)(de)背景(jing)(jing)下(xia)，研究人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)對(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，不(bu)僅有助于推動(dong)我國新(xin)(xin)時期(qi)(qi)人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)健(jian)發(fa)展與合理應用(yong)，而(er)且對(dui)于構(gou)建(jian)新(xin)(xin)時期(qi)(qi)高質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)和諧勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)具有現實(shi)意義(yi)。

2文獻綜述

從(cong)學(xue)(xue)術(shu)界(jie)當前研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)來(lai)看，有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文獻主要(yao)從(cong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)作為技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)進步對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)角度(du)展(zhan)開，探(tan)討(tao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)各方面內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。首先(xian)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)組織(zhi)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)：田思(si)路、劉(liu)兆光(2019)指出(chu)(chu)(chu)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)背(bei)景下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)形態呈多(duo)元化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)化(hua)趨勢，并可(ke)能(neng)(neng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)全面非典型化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征[1]；劉(liu)大衛(2020)指出(chu)(chu)(chu)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普及應用(yong)(yong)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)傳統穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)形成(cheng)(cheng)侵蝕[2]。其次(ci)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)收入分配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)：AcemogluRestrepo(2017)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)顯(xian)示(shi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)及生產自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)加劇了工(gong)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)不平等，但對(dui)(dui)工(gong)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)總效應和勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)收入份(fen)額的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)并不確定[3]；蔡躍洲(zhou)、陳楠(2019)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)顯(xian)示(shi)，在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)推進中，勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)份(fen)額在(zai)(zai)初次(ci)分配(pei)中在(zai)(zai)所占(zhan)份(fen)額將發生降低[4]。再(zai)次(ci)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)就(jiu)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)：Katz&Margo(2014)基于(yu)美國的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)顯(xian)示(shi)，使用(yong)(yong)工(gong)業機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類工(gong)作崗位產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)擠出(chu)(chu)(chu)效應會(hui)(hui)引(yin)起(qi)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)力相對(dui)(dui)剩余[5]；朱巧玲、李(li)敏(2018)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)發現(xian)(xian)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)體(ti)力勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)、腦力勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)及智(zhi)(zhi)力勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)均存(cun)在(zai)(zai)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)效應，其中體(ti)力勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)效應最(zui)大。最(zui)后(hou)，是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)法(fa)律法(fa)規的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)[6]：王(wang)從(cong)烈(2018)指出(chu)(chu)(chu)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)將對(dui)(dui)現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)保護(hu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)構成(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)素帶來(lai)挑戰(zhan)[7]；田野(ye)(2018)重點強調了在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)背(bei)景下(xia)現(xian)(xian)行勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)法(fa)應進行系(xi)(xi)統化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因應性調整，尤其是(shi)(shi)完(wan)善失(shi)業救濟和社會(hui)(hui)保障法(fa)制[8]。綜(zong)上可(ke)知，現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)主要(yao)探(tan)討(tao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，缺乏對(dui)(dui)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)深入分析，在(zai)(zai)馬克(ke)思(si)主義政治經(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)視角下(xia)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)作為一種(zhong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)進步影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)內在(zai)(zai)邏(luo)輯主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)通過影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生產關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)資本有(you)(you)機(ji)構成(cheng)(cheng)來(lai)實現(xian)(xian)。基于(yu)此，本文從(cong)馬克(ke)思(si)政治經(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)進步與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)演(yan)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)典論述展(zhan)開，重點分析人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)制。

［摘要］以信(xin)息技術為(wei)代表的(de)新技術革命，推動(dong)新生產(chan)力的(de)發展(zhan)，尤其是人工(gong)智(zhi)能發展(zhan)，促進了社會發展(zhan)進步，同時也對社會就(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)崗位產(chan)生了深遠的(de)影(ying)響。為(wei)應對人工(gong)智(zhi)能帶來的(de)就(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)挑戰，大學生需重視以專(zhuan)業(ye)能力、創(chuang)新思(si)維、創(chuang)新實踐、價值觀(guan)等為(wei)內容(rong)的(de)綜合能力的(de)培(pei)養。

［關鍵詞］人工智(zhi)能;大(da)學生就業;第四(si)次工業革命

1我(wo)國人工智能的發展現狀

1.1人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)內涵(han)。1.1.1人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)概念和(he)特征(zheng)。人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是研(yan)究、開發用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)模(mo)擬、延伸和(he)擴展(zhan)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)理論、方(fang)法(fa)、技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)及應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)系統的(de)(de)(de)一門(men)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)。國際上將人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)分為弱人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、強人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)超(chao)級人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，它們對(dui)于(yu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)逐(zhu)步加深，逐(zhu)漸(jian)發展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)知識學(xue)(xue)(xue)習技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、跨媒體(ti)(ti)認(ren)知學(xue)(xue)(xue)習及推(tui)理、人(ren)機相互(hu)協同和(he)融(rong)合、群體(ti)(ti)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)自主(zhu)系統。1.1.2人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)趨勢。人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發展(zhan)有三個方(fang)向:給個人(ren)賦能(neng)(neng)(neng)、商業(ye)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)物(wu)聯(lian)網設備。隨著(zhu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)級和(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)傳統行(xing)業(ye)達到(dao)(dao)了(le)深度融(rong)合，促進著(zhu)傳統行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)數字化(hua)轉(zhuan)型，并不(bu)斷衍(yan)生出新(xin)行(xing)業(ye)。未來，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)將進入大規模(mo)商用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)階段，嚴重(zhong)沖擊勞動密集型產業(ye)，大量(liang)取(qu)代重(zhong)復性、數字化(hua)、程序(xu)化(hua)、按照既定(ding)(ding)規則進行(xing)大量(liang)運算以及對(dui)精確(que)度、穩定(ding)(ding)性、快速響應(ying)(ying)(ying)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)要求高的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，改(gai)變經(jing)濟形態。1.2人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)我國的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)已經(jing)廣泛應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)(dao)醫療、教(jiao)育(yu)、交通、家居(ju)、安防、網絡安全等(deng)多個領域，出現了(le)規模(mo)化(hua)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)落(luo)地，［1］我國人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)企(qi)業(ye)總數在(zai)2019年已超(chao)1000家。人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)領先(xian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)與醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)跨界融(rong)合、人(ren)機交互(hu)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)教(jiao)育(yu)模(mo)式、無(wu)人(ren)駕駛技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究以及智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)家居(ju)等(deng)，都是人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)融(rong)入生活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)現。

2大(da)學生面臨(lin)的(de)就業挑戰及原因分析

2.1大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)知度偏低(di)。通(tong)過調(diao)查(cha)問卷可(ke)知，63.2%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)訪者(zhe)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)持(chi)有積極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態(tai)度，總體來(lai)(lai)說，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接受(shou)程度是(shi)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但72.8%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)訪者(zhe)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)了解(jie)，42.2%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)訪者(zhe)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)內(nei)發展(zhan)(zhan)情況不(bu)(bu)(bu)會影響其專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。這(zhe)(zhe)表明，部分大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)識(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)較(jiao)少接觸到殘酷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)環境，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)關(guan)注(zhu)度不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠，不(bu)(bu)(bu)重視(shi)其發展(zhan)(zhan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)自(zi)己(ji)所學(xue)(xue)(xue)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，不(bu)(bu)(bu)了解(jie)時(shi)(shi)展(zhan)(zhan)趨(qu)勢，這(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)很大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)程度上會對(dui)(dui)(dui)未來(lai)(lai)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產生(sheng)負面影響，不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)更(geng)好地就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。2.2大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)清晰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)知。對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)沖擊領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)查(cha)中(zhong)，63%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)訪者(zhe)選(xuan)(xuan)擇了傳統制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)眾(zhong)多(duo)選(xuan)(xuan)項中(zhong)占比(bi)(bi)最高(gao)，教育類(lei)、藝術類(lei)、技術人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員等占比(bi)(bi)依次降低(di)。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)意(yi)向選(xuan)(xuan)擇時(shi)(shi)，制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)眾(zhong)多(duo)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)比(bi)(bi)例(li)卻最高(gao)。世界經濟論壇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《未來(lai)(lai)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)報告》指出(chu)，新興(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)多(duo)是(shi)以人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，而十大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)衰退職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)則包含許(xu)多(duo)可(ke)以高(gao)度自(zi)動(dong)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。隨著人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，許(xu)多(duo)生(sheng)產線(xian)上都以智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術代(dai)替人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)，重復(fu)性(xing)強、危(wei)險系(xi)(xi)數(shu)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作也(ye)都由人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)取代(dai)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作崗位大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)幅減(jian)少，到2045年，我國(guo)預計有3/4的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常規勞動(dong)者(zhe)被(bei)機(ji)器取代(dai)。［2］2.3大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)自(zi)身(shen)(shen)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培養缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)系(xi)(xi)統認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)知。在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競爭力(li)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)查(cha)中(zhong)，創新思維能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)選(xuan)(xuan)率高(gao)達65%，是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)家公(gong)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)核心競爭力(li)，而在(zai)(zai)(zai)所具(ju)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)調(diao)查(cha)中(zhong)，有35%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)訪者(zhe)缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)此項能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，62.5%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)訪者(zhe)缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，近半數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)訪者(zhe)缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)科(ke)研能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)及溝通(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，可(ke)見大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)自(zi)身(shen)(shen)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培養缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)系(xi)(xi)統認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)知。高(gao)校和(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)自(zi)身(shen)(shen)更(geng)多(duo)關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)課(ke)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分數(shu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)首先是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠重視(shi)，其次沒有明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準來(lai)(lai)衡量學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低(di)，致使多(duo)數(shu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)缺(que)(que)(que)乏(fa)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)知，在(zai)(zai)(zai)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)時(shi)(shi)處處碰壁(bi)。

摘要：在對2020年各(ge)(ge)省份政(zheng)府工作報(bao)告認(ren)真研讀(du)的(de)(de)基礎上，按照以(yi)北京為(wei)(wei)(wei)核(he)心(xin)的(de)(de)環渤海地區(qu)、以(yi)上海為(wei)(wei)(wei)核(he)心(xin)的(de)(de)長三角(jiao)地區(qu)、以(yi)深圳為(wei)(wei)(wei)核(he)心(xin)的(de)(de)珠三角(jiao)地區(qu)、以(yi)廈(sha)門為(wei)(wei)(wei)核(he)心(xin)的(de)(de)閔三角(jiao)地區(qu)以(yi)及以(yi)西安(an)、成都(dou)、武漢(han)等為(wei)(wei)(wei)龍頭的(de)(de)中西部地區(qu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)板塊，對各(ge)(ge)地電(dian)子信(xin)息產業的(de)(de)目(mu)標和任(ren)務(wu)進行了梳理(li)，分析了各(ge)(ge)地相(xiang)關工作重點、目(mu)標任(ren)務(wu)布局，以(yi)期為(wei)(wei)(wei)促進電(dian)子信(xin)息產業發展提(ti)供(gong)借(jie)鑒與參考(kao)。

關鍵(jian)詞：電子(zi)信息(xi)產業；目標；任務；重點(dian)布局

電子信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)產業(ye)是我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)戰(zhan)略性(xing)(xing)(xing)、基(ji)礎性(xing)(xing)(xing)和先導性(xing)(xing)(xing)支柱產業(ye)。據工信(xin)(xin)部數據，2019年(nian)(nian)，我(wo)國(guo)規(gui)模以上(shang)電子信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)制造業(ye)主營業(ye)務收入(ru)預計(ji)將(jiang)超過16萬億元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)2018年(nian)(nian)增長(chang)9.3%；軟件和信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)技(ji)術服務業(ye)完成收入(ru)7.2億元(yuan)(yuan)，同比(bi)增長(chang)15.4%。新年(nian)(nian)伊始，我(wo)國(guo)各地兩會(hui)陸續召開，2020年(nian)(nian)政府(fu)工作(zuo)報告相繼(ji)出(chu)爐(lu)，大數據、互聯網、云計(ji)算、人(ren)工智能、機器(qi)人(ren)、區塊鏈、數字經(jing)濟等關鍵(jian)詞頻繁出(chu)現，各項重點(dian)任(ren)務相繼(ji)提出(chu)，進(jin)一步呈現出(chu)以環渤海、珠三(san)角、長(chang)三(san)角、閔三(san)角和以西安(an)、成都、武漢等為龍頭的(de)(de)中西部地區各具特色(se)集群發展(zhan)的(de)(de)產業(ye)空間格局(ju)。

1環渤海區(qu)域電(dian)子信息產業進一步突出科技(ji)創新能力

北(bei)(bei)京。圍(wei)繞5G、半(ban)導體、車聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)領(ling)域，強化(hua)(hua)關鍵核心技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)攻(gong)關，支持高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)學校、科(ke)研(yan)機(ji)構、新(xin)(xin)型研(yan)發機(ji)構、科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)領(ling)軍企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve)協作和(he)聯(lian)合(he)(he)攻(gong)關，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)底層技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)通(tong)用(yong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)突(tu)破(po)。圍(wei)繞量(liang)子(zi)、光電等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)領(ling)域，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)設(she)(she)(she)立科(ke)學研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)基(ji)金(jin)、顛覆性技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)基(ji)金(jin)，超前謀(mou)劃(hua)基(ji)礎(chu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、應(ying)用(yong)基(ji)礎(chu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)及國(guo)際前沿技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。緊(jin)抓價值鏈調整機(ji)遇(yu)，實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色化(hua)(hua)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)計劃(hua)。以(yi)通(tong)用(yong)芯片(pian)、特色芯片(pian)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)為基(ji)礎(chu)，以(yi)裝備為依(yi)托，以(yi)設(she)(she)(she)計為龍(long)頭，打(da)(da)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)集成電路產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)生態。穩步推(tui)(tui)進(jin)5G網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，落實(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行動(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)案。推(tui)(tui)進(jin)以(yi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、車聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)為重點(dian)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)場景應(ying)用(yong)。推(tui)(tui)出(chu)“AI+醫療”“AI+政務”等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)一(yi)批(pi)(pi)應(ying)用(yong)場景，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能開(kai)(kai)源開(kai)(kai)放(fang)平臺(tai)。天津(jin)。深(shen)入(ru)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)重大(da)專(zhuan)項(xiang)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)濱(bin)海新(xin)(xin)區(qu)科(ke)大(da)訊飛北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)“聲谷”項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)國(guo)家(jia)新(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)試(shi)驗區(qu)，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)新(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)超級(ji)計算機(ji)、北(bei)(bei)京大(da)學新(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)信(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)平臺(tai)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。打(da)(da)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)國(guo)家(jia)基(ji)礎(chu)軟件(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)中心。實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)略(lve)性新(xin)(xin)興產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提升(sheng)(sheng)行動(dong)(dong)，做強軟件(jian)、集成電路等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)高(gao)端產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群，培育大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)、人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能、網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡安全、區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈、5G等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)新(xin)(xin)興產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群。推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)傳統產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)智(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)發展(zhan)(zhan)，數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)車間、智(zhi)(zhi)能工(gong)(gong)廠突(tu)破(po)100個(ge)，力爭(zheng)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)上云突(tu)破(po)6000家(jia)。實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)+智(zhi)(zhi)能制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)”、大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)應(ying)用(yong)示(shi)范等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)程。山東。培育數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生態，支持浪潮(chao)集團打(da)(da)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)中國(guo)“算谷”。大(da)力發展(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)海爾(er)、浪潮(chao)兩個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)“雙跨”平臺(tai)，爭(zheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)國(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)發展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)范區(qu)。布(bu)局“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”，2020年(nian)內新(xin)(xin)開(kai)(kai)通(tong)5G基(ji)站4萬(wan)個(ge)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)省級(ji)區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)速在金(jin)融(rong)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)、電子(zi)政務等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)領(ling)域的(de)場景應(ying)用(yong)。實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)濟園區(qu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)突(tu)破(po)行動(dong)(dong)，支持建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)50個(ge)省級(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)濟園區(qu)。深(shen)入(ru)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)“現(xian)代(dai)優勢(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群+人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能”，培育軌道(dao)交通(tong)、動(dong)(dong)力裝備、智(zhi)(zhi)能家(jia)電等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)先進(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)布(bu)局8K超高(gao)清(qing)視頻產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。打(da)(da)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)醫養結合(he)(he)示(shi)范省，實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)+醫療健(jian)康”，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)國(guo)家(jia)健(jian)康醫療大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)中心。全力推(tui)(tui)進(jin)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“上云用(yong)云”。河(he)北(bei)(bei)。聚焦(jiao)信(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)主攻(gong)方(fang)(fang)向，深(shen)入(ru)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)略(lve)性新(xin)(xin)興產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)三年(nian)行動(dong)(dong)計劃(hua)，打(da)(da)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)一(yi)批(pi)(pi)先進(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)京津(jin)冀大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)綜(zong)合(he)(he)試(shi)驗區(qu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)新(xin)(xin)興產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示(shi)范基(ji)地建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)河(he)北(bei)(bei)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)布(bu)局5G基(ji)站、物(wu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、IPv6等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)新(xin)(xin)型基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，促(cu)進(jin)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能、區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)應(ying)用(yong)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)。制(zhi)(zhi)定實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)濟產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)政策，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)雄(xiong)安數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)濟創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)范區(qu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。遼寧。以(yi)智(zhi)(zhi)能制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)為主攻(gong)方(fang)(fang)向，布(bu)局建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)一(yi)批(pi)(pi)國(guo)內頂尖的(de)研(yan)發中心和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中心，謀(mou)劃(hua)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)批(pi)(pi)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)攻(gong)關項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)一(yi)批(pi)(pi)重大(da)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)升(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)程。支持數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)濟、平臺(tai)經(jing)(jing)濟發展(zhan)(zhan)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)發展(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、物(wu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能、大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)現(xian)代(dai)信(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)與制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)深(shen)度(du)融(rong)合(he)(he)，深(shen)入(ru)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)100個(ge)智(zhi)(zhi)能制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)及智(zhi)(zhi)能服務試(shi)點(dian)示(shi)范項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，促(cu)進(jin)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)2.0、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)3.0、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)4.0并(bing)聯(lian)融(rong)合(he)(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

2長(chang)三角3省1市電子信息產業集群培育思(si)路清晰